CERULLO , Nicola

This chapter looks at Generation IV nuclear reactors, such as the very high-temperature reactor (VHTR), the supercritical water reactor (SCWR), the molten salt reactor (MSR), the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) and the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). Reactor designs and fuel cycles are also described.

The corrosion issues in high temperature reactors (HTRs) are probably less critical compared to such issues in other nuclear reactors. Nevertheless it is important to take them into account adequately. In this chapter we consider the following items: structural metallic material corrosion in high temperature conditions; graphite corrosion...

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In the recent past the so-called GCFR has been again a subject of study by the international scientific community. This type of reactors, although still in a preliminary stage of development, is a very interesting perspective because combines the positive characteristics common to all the fast reactors with those of the reactors cooled by...

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Pubblicato sul Portale dell'Ingegneria Energetica e Nucleare

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Pubblicato sul Portale dell'Ingegneria Energetica e Nucleare

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The pebble bed gas-cooled reactor is one of the most promising concepts among the Generation III and Generation IV reactors. Currently, the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) design, both U and Pu and minor actinide fueled, is being developed. Modeling the arrangement of coated particles (CPs) inside a spherical region like a pebble seems to be...

Preliminary analyses already performed showed that innovative GCRs, both thermal and fast, are very promising candidate to reach the Gen-IV sustainability goal. The integrated LWR-HTR-GCFR basically aims at closing the current nuclear fuel cycle: in principle, thanks to the unique characteristics of Helium coolant reactors, LWR SNF along with...

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Transmutation is one of the most promising strategies to minimize Minor Actinides inventories. Particularly, during NPPs operation, Am and Cm isotopes are generated by capture and transmutation processes from U and Pu. High neutron flux (typical of fast reactors) and high neutron capture cross-section can help to implement such strategy. Fast...

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This paper presents a critical review of the recent improvements in minimizing nuclear waste in terms of quantities, long-term activities, and radiotoxicities by innovative GCRs, with particular emphasis to the results obtained at the University of Pisa. Regarding these last items, in the frame of some EU projects (GCFR, PUMA, and RAPHAEL), we...

The paper deals with the use of a symbiotic cycle in order to minimize the LWR waste radiotoxicity, improving, on the same line, previous work[1]. The obtained results could be considered rather positive. We will show what is possible to do in this field using new original symbiotic cycles, remarkably improving the previous results. To reach...

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