CHAMBARD , Jean-Claude

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade that integrates an extreme variety of extracellular stimuli into key biological responses controlling cell proliferation, differentiation or death is one of the most studied intracellular pathways. Here we present some evidences that have been accumulated over the last 15 years proving the requirement of...

The protein kinase Akt, also known as Protein Kinase B, has been implicated in the survival of several cell types challenged with various apoptotic stimuli. In CCL39 lung fibroblasts, apoptosis is induced by anchorage and mitogen removal. Mitogen-induced activation of Akt is highly anchorage dependent in these cells and removal of adhesion is...

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Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are dual-specificity phosphatases that dephosphorylate phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues within MAP kinases. Here, we describe a novel posttranslational mechanism for regulating MKP-3/Pyst1/DUSP6, a member of the MKP family that is highly specific for extracellular...

Objective: Thermogenic adipocytes (i.e. brown or brite/beige adipocytes) are able to burn large amounts of lipids and carbohydrates as a result of highly active mitochondria and enhanced uncoupled respiration, due to UCP1 activity. Although mitochondria are the key organelles for this thermogenic function, limited human data are...

Brown adipose tissue is the primary site for thermogenesis and can consume, in addition to free fatty acids, a very high amount of glucose from the blood, which can both acutely and chronically affect glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 has a novel role in β3-adrenoceptor-stimulated glucose...

: Chondrogenesis has been widely investigated in vitro using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) or primary chondrocytes. However, their use raises some issues partially circumvented by the availability of Adipose tissue-derived MSCs. Herein; we characterized the chondrogenic potential of human Multipotent Adipose-Derived...

: Chondrogenesis has been widely investigated in vitro using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) or primary chondrocytes. However, their use raises some issues partially circumvented by the availability of Adipose tissue-derived MSCs. Herein; we characterized the chondrogenic potential of human Multipotent Adipose-Derived...

Disruption of the endothelial barrier by tumour-derived secreted factors is a critical step in cancer cell extravasation and metastasis. Here, by comparative proteomic analysis of melanoma secretomes, we identify the matricellular protein SPARC as a novel tumour-derived vascular permeability factor. SPARC deficiency abrogates tumour-initiated...

Human brown adipocytes are able to burn fat and glucose and are now considered as a potential strategy to treat obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. Besides their thermogenic function, brown adipocytes are able to secrete adipokines. One of these is visfatin, a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase involved in NAD synthesis, known...

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Brite adipocytes are inducible energy-dissipating cells expressing UCP1 which appear within white adipose tissue of healthy adult individuals. Recruitment of these cells represents a potential strategy to fight obesity and associated diseases. Using human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem cells, able to convert into brite adipocytes, we show...