COLLI M.

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In this work, time-resolved three-dimensional numerical simulations supported by laboratory experiments aim to provide complementary information of the spray drying process, revealing pivotal details about the flow and particles dynamics. A drying model was implemented in the OpenFOAM open-source code and large-eddy simulations (LES) of the...

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Numerical studies of the wind-induced bias of precipitation measurements assume that turbulence is generated by the interaction of the airflow with the gauge body, while steady and uniform free-stream conditions are imposed. However, wind is turbulent in nature due to the roughness of the site and the presence of obstacles, therefore...

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This chapter describes the measuring principles and technological solutions available for in-situ measurements of liquid (rain) and solid (snow) atmospheric precipitation. They can be classified into catching and non-catching precipitation gauges. Instruments belonging to the first family are generally based on gravity-related measuring...

The liquid precipitation at the ground level is measured by means of different techniques and technologies for areal and point-scale quantification of rainfall intensity RI (mm/h) and the resulting total precipitation amount h (mm). Point-scale precipitation gauges fall in two main categories: catching type gauges, which collect the liquid...

: In the climate change scenario the world is facing, extreme weather events can lead to increasingly serious disasters. To improve managing the consequent risks, there is a pressing need to have real-time systems that provide accurate monitoring and possibly forecasting which could help to warn people in the affected areas ahead of time and...

The most widely used device to measure rainfall is the tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR), although there is no standard design. The precision and accuracy of TBR measurements vary, and calibration procedures are dependent upon the organisation or institution operating a network. Consequently, rainfall datasets may be heterogeneous and not easily...

This article compares different rainfall observing techniques available in the City of Genoa (Italy): The Ligurian regional tipping-bucket rain gauge (TBRG) network and the Monte Settepani long-range weather radar (WR) operated by the Ligurian Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPAL) and Smart Rainfall System (SRS), a network of...