GIRARDI , Paolo

Introduction White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one the most common neuroimaging findings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It has been suggested that WMHs are associated with impaired insight in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients; however, the relationship between insight and WMHs in BD type I has not been directly...

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At least 10-20% of the patients suffering from depression meet criteria for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In the last decades, an important role of glutamate in mood modulation has been hypothesized and ketamine, a non noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, has been demonstrated to be effective in both...

Suicidal behavior is a common cause of death in the elderly and is often accompanied in this population by disabilities and psychosocial impairment. Alzheimer's-related neuropathological changes are commonly found in the brains of older people. Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported to be a potential predictor for suicidal...

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity measured with the dexamethasonesuppression test and the dexamethesone/CRH test may be found to have some predictive power for suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Increased prolactin (PRL) levels may be related both to physiological and pathological conditions. HPA axis abnormalities and...

Mood disorders (MD) affect more than 5% of the general population determining significant functional impairment in sufferers and often leading to adverse social outcomes. MD include both the unipolar and bipolar types. Major depressive disorder is the most common affective disorder being one of the leading causes of premature death and...

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Schizophrenia is an invalidating disorder usually with an onset during adolescence or young adulthood and tending to persist throughout life. Both cognitive and emotional dysfunctions may be found in schizophrenic patients determining severe psychosocial impairment. The present chapter aimed to provide a critical overview about early onset...

Major depressive disorders are common and disabling conditions associated with significant psychosocial impairment and suicide risk. At least 3-4 % of all depressive individuals die by suicide. Evidence suggests that small non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), play a critical role in major affective disorders as well as suicide. We...

To investigate the potential associations among major depression, quality of life, and suicidal behavior in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.

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INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a serious illness that needs correct treatment for acute attacks and, in addition, a treatment prophylaxis, since patients with migraine suffer during acute attacks and also between attacks. METHODS: A systematic review of the most relevant clinical trials of migraine headache and its epidemiology, pathophysiology,...

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Pediatric, adolescent and adult obesity is one of the most important public health challenge. Obesity and overweight are often associated with increased disability, enhanced morbidity and mortality, premature death.Obesity and overweight are also frequently comorbid with several medical and psychiatric conditions. A body mass index (BMI) over...

Although nightmares have been shown to increase the risk for suicide, less is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. In order to address this gap and guided by the hopelessness theory of suicide risk, we examined hopelessness and male depressive symptoms as risk factors for suicide while considering the frequency of and...