JAOUANNET , Maëlle

Root-knot nematodes. Meloidogyne spp., are sedentary biotrophic parasites which are able to infest > 2000 plant species. After root invasion they settle sedentarily inside the vascular cylinder and maintain a compatible interaction for up to 8 weeks. Plant cells respond to pathogen attacks by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS,...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA (sRNA) molecules sequence-specifically silence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, either by directing inhibitory chromatin modifications or by decreasing the stability or translation potential of the targeted mRNA. The trigger for gene...

The spatio-temporal expression pattern of a gene provides important indications to betterunderstand its biological function. In situ hybridization (ISH) uses a labeled complementarysingle-stranded RNA or DNA probe to localize gene transcripts in a whole organism, a whole organ or asection of tissue. We adapted the ISH technique to the plant...

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the vascular tissues in roots, where they induce the differentiation of specialized feeding cells and maintain a compatible interaction for 3 to 8 weeks. Transcriptome analyses of the plant response to parasitic infection have shown that plant defenses are strictly...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIF) are multifunctional proteins regulating major processes in mammals, including activation of innate immune responses. MIF proteins also play a role in innate immunity of invertebrate organisms or serve as virulence factors in parasitic organisms, raising the question of their evolutionary history. We...

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) are pivotal cytokines/chemokines for vertebrate immune systems. MIFs are typically soluble single-domain proteins that are conserved across plant, fungal, protist, and metazoan kingdoms, but their functions have not been determined in most phylogenetic groups. Here, we describe an atypical...