MARTINI M.

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Objective: The current health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease shows several correspondences with well-known epidemics of the past. The knowledge of their management and overcoming could give us useful tools to face the present COVID-19 pandemic and future epidemics. Study design: On 1 March 1801, the first smallpox vaccinations were...

Italy's museums possess an enormous patrimony of historical scientific artefacts. This raises important questions regarding the conservation and safeguard of such materials and prompts reflection as to the utility of current modalities of popularising science. The collections housed in scientific museums were created in order to promote...

The Iliad, by the Greek poet Homer, is a precious mine of examples of war traumatology. In the specific case of spear wounds in the chest, the death of the Trojan warrior Alcathous is particularly interesting from the point of view of the history of medicine and the evolution of cardiology and knowledge of the heart at the time of ancient...

Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It has always represented a permanent, serious public health challenge over the course of human history, because of its severe epidemiological, clinical and societal implications. The present review aims at over-viewing the contributions of...

Universal health coverage (UHC) is one of the strategies that health decision- and policy-makers worldwide are implementing to guarantee a good health status to everyone. Living in slums is characterized by several issues, including homelessness and malnutrition, environmental challenges, lack of sanitation and access to safe, healthy drinking...

The authors examine the difficult situation of women hospitalized in mental facilities between the 19th and 20th centuries: an exploration of the forms of institutionalized gender violence in Italian psychiatric hospitals. In Italy's patriarchal society of the last two centuries, the behavior of women who did not conform to the dominant model...

The present article offers a historical overview on pertussis (whooping cough) by analysing the ancient epidemic manifestations of the disease and the path towards the discovery of an effective vaccine against it. The original mentions of pertussis are examined with reference to Mediaeval Afghanistan and the famous AD 1578 Paris epidemic...

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Contemporary society strongly demands that attention be paid to patient dignity, that the patient and their relatives be involved in therapeutic decisions, and that patients be cared for with professionalism and sensitivity. Since the 'sick role' involves a person's most intimate needs, care must also depend on a broader system of values,...

Smallpox is a contagious viral disease. In the fight against smallpox, stimulation of the immune system by means of inoculation of human smallpox and subse-quent vaccination constituted a very important step for-ward in the history of medicine. First reported in ancient Greece and in the Egypt of the Pharaohs, smallpox reap-peared in the middle...

Franz Tappeiner (1816, Laas – 1902, Merano) was an Austrian physician and anthropologist. He studied at the universities of Prague, Padua and Vienna and in 1846 he moved to Merano. Tappeiner investigated the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models and he dealt with public health. As an anatomist, he performed thousands of...

Background. In 1922 the famous Italian novelist Giovanni Verga died in Catania (Italy). In Verga's works there are many suggestions to the world of medicine, in particular the diseases described in the poor society of southern Italy of that time. One of the most common diseases described by Verga was cholera. Methods. The authors researched and...

Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis (1818-1865) and Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) were two important personalities in the history of medicine and public health. They dealt with the problem of handwashing. Semmelweis is also known as the "father of hand hygiene"; just in 1847 he discovered the etiology and prophylaxis of puerperal sepsis and imposed a new...

Two hundred years after his birth, the authors remember the figure and thought of Carlo Livi, one of the most representative exponents of the new psychiatric culture of the second half of the 19th century. In doing so, they highlight Livi's ideals of great humanity, which accompanied his extensive professional expertise throughout his life....

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by three poliovirus (PV) serotypes. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person's spinal cord, causing paralysis. In 1988, when the WHO registered 350,000 cases of poliomyelitis in the world and 70,000 which occurred in Africa alone, global...

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