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Hurvitz SA, Dirix L, Kocsis J et al. Phase II randomised study of trastuzumab emtansine versus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 31(9), 1157-1163 (2013). The introduction of trastuzumab in the treatment of HER-2-positive metastatic breast...

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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs) are commonly employed in clinical practice. The most relevant adverse event of G-CSF administration is bone pain. Approximately 20% of cancer patients experienced bone pain with the administration of prophylactic daily G-CSFs (lenograstim and filgrastim). The reported incidence of bone pain in...

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Luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonists (LH-RHa) are effective in the treatment of advanced endocrine-sensitive breast cancer in premenopausal patients, but their role in the adjuvant setting has remained controversial for a long time. Tamoxifen for 5 years has been traditionally considered the standard endocrine therapy for...

Introduction: Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia are the most common and most severe bone marrow toxicities of chemotherapy. Recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs), both daily (filgrastim and biosimilars, and lenograstim) and long-acting (pegfilgrastim and lipegfilgrastim) formulations, are currently available to...

To evaluate the safest timing of pegfilgrastim administration in dose-dense anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy, three different cohorts of patients enrolled in the Gruppo Italiano Mammella (GIM) 2 study and treated at the coordinating center received pegfilgrastim 24 h (cohort A) or 72 h (cohort B) or 96 h (cohort C) after...

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