QADIR J.

Owing to the harsh and unpredictable behavior of the sea channel, network protocols that combat the undesirable and challenging properties of the channel are of critical significance. Protocols addressing such challenges exist in literature. However, these protocols consume an excessive amount of energy due to redundant packets transmission or...

The realm of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) has a paramount influence on the way we work and live. For instance, real-time applications and rapid packet transiting for long-range have now come into practice that was previously considered mysterious. However, euphoria becomes a problem when it comes to security considerations, as low-power...

The proliferation of monitoring in unpredictable environments has aided the world in solving challenges that were previously thought to be insurmountable. Drastic advancement has been pinpointed in the way we live, work, and play; however, the data odyssey has yet started. From sensing to monitoring, the endless possibility enabled by LoRa, the...

The realm of low power wide area network (LPWAN) has revolutionized access to different varieties of applications over the Internet. Some of these technologies include Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT), and Sigfox, which enable long-range transmission over extremely low power consumption. However, such...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has disrupted the IT landscape drastically, and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one specification that enables these IoT devices to have access to the Internet. Former security analyses have suggested that the gateways in LoRaWAN in their current state are susceptible to a wide variety of malicious...

In underwater acoustic networks (UANs), an acoustic modem is one of the key elements that governs underwater communications. The major demerit of the existing surveys conducted on acoustic modems is that such surveys do not comprise of the novel and state-of-the-art modems. In addition, the described characteristics do not specify the full...