RETAMAR GENTIL , Pilar

Entre un 0,5% y un 1,3% de los pacientes ingresados en nuestro medio desarrollan un episodio de bacteriemia durante su hospitalización. La bacteriemia en los pacientes hospitalizados es una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad. La mortalidad habitual asociada a ella varía entre un 1 6-40%. A pesar de los avances en la práctica médica, en los...

As this is the first Supplement produced by JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance (JAC-AMR) we thought it would be helpful for readers for us to briefly outline our vision and intention for these Supplements. (extract)

Objectives The WHO Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) classification has been developed to support countries and hospitals in promoting rational use of antibiotics while improving access to these essential medicines. We aimed to describe patterns of worldwide antibiotic use according to the AWaRe classification in the adult inpatient...

Background. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is an important cause of invasive infections. Alternatives to carbapenems—considered the drugs of choice—are needed because of the emergence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria. The efficacy of ß-lactam/ß-lactam inhibitors (BLBLI) in such infections is...

We investigated the impact of the piperacillin-tazobactam MIC in the outcome of 39 bloodstream infections due to extended- spectrum-B-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. All 11 patients with urinary tract infections survived, irrespective of the MIC. For other sources, 30-day mortality was lower for isolates with a MIC of <2 mg/liter than for...

Scope: These ESCMID guidelines address the targeted antibiotic treatment of third-generation cepha losporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCephRE) and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, focusing on the effectiveness of individual antibiotics and on combination versus monotherapy. Methods: An expert panel was convened by ESCMID. A...

Introduction Patients with negative blood cultures (BCx) represent 85%–90% of all patients with BCx taken during hospital admission. This population usually includes a heterogeneous group of patients admitted with infectious diseases or febrile syndromes that require a blood culture. There is very little evidence of the clinical...

[Objective] To describe modifiable factors related to inappropriate antimicrobial treatment in the observation area of an emergency department to explore practices that can be targeted for change through a program to improve emergency use of antimicrobial agents, the PROA program in its spanish observations. [Methods] Cross-sectional serial...

Objectives: The proportion of very elderly people in the population is increasing, and infectious diseases in this patient group may present with specific characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome predictors of bacteremia among the very elderly. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of...

Classification of bloodstream infections (BSIs) as community-acquired (CA), healthcare-associated (HCA) and hospital-acquired (HA) has been proposed. The epidemiology and clinical features of BSI according to that classification in tertiary-care (TH) and community (CH) hospitals were investigated in a prospective cohort of 821 BSI episodes from...

To assess the effect of combination antibiotic empirical therapy on 30-day case-fatality rate in neutropenic cancer patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteremic pneumonia. This was a multinational, retrospective cohort study of neutropenic onco-hematological patients with PA blood stream infection (BSI) (2006–2018). The effect of...

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-ω (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6–73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine...

Background Fosfomycin is a potentially attractive option as step-down therapy for bacteraemic urinary tract infections (BUTI), but available data are scarce. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin trometamol and other oral drugs as step-down therapy in patients with BUTI due to MDR Escherichia coli...

Objectives: To investigate pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety (primary objectives) and efficacy (secondary objective) of the investigational monobactam/b-lactamase inhibitor combination aztreonam/avibactam in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI). Methods: This Phase 2a open-label, multicentre study (NCT02655419; EudraCT...

Introduction Within the context of antimicrobial stewardship programmes, de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy is one of the proposed strategies for reducing the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA). The empirical treatment of nosocomial and some healthcare- associated bloodstream infections (BSI) frequently includes a...

Objectives: To evaluate the appropriateness of antimicrobial treatment and the risk factors for mortality in patients with negative blood cultures (BC), in order to evaluate whether this population would be a suitable target for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study of patients with...

Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) have already demonstrated clinical benefits. We aimed to describe the Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) methodology implemented in our hospital as an efficient tool to guide ASP strategies. Annually repeated PPS were conducted from 2012 to 2019 at a 750- bed university hospital in South Spain. Key quality...

Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) caused by gram-negative bacilli are common and associated with significant mortality; those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with worse prognosis and higher rates of inadequateempirical antibiotic treatment. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients...

Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) caused by gram-negative bacilli are common and associated with significant mortality; those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associ- ated with worse prognosis and higher rates of inadequateempirical antibiotic treatment. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients...

Introduction: Alternatives to carbapenems are needed in the treatment of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E). Temocillin is a suitable candidate, but comparative randomised studies are lacking. The objective is to investigate if temocillin is non-inferior to carbapenems in the targeted treatment of bacteraemia due...

Objectives: The known data about the influence of vancomycin MIC on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are contradictory. Our objective was to study the possible impact of vancomycin MIC ≥1.5 mg/L on short- and medium-term mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out from March 2008 to January 2011 on adult patients with MSSA...