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Last name: SULLI
First name: Alberto
Atlas of capillaroscopy in rheumatic diseases
Capillaroscopic findings in antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Therapies targeting underlying vascular disease in SSc have been successfully designed to improve the symptoms of Raynaud phenomenon and to reduce ischemic injury to involved organs, and NVC patterns have been found to improve following targeted therapy.
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A clear temporal relationship exists in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients between increased nocturnal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6, pro-inflammatory hormones (i.e. melatonin, prolactin) and insufficient night production of the anti-inflammatory cortisol (circadian rhythm). Under long-standing...
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Estrogens enhance the humoral immune response, and play important roles in pathophysiology of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The intracrine synthesis of active estrogen metabolites at the level of cells involved in the immune response (e.g. macrophages and fibroblasts) represents a common pathway that characterizes a similar final immune...
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Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol in the skin (80–90%) under the sunlight and then metabolized into an active D hormone in liver, kidney and peripheral immune/inflammatory cells. These endocrine-immune effects include also the coordinated activities of the vitamin D-activating enzyme, 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and the vitamin D...
Capillaroscopy, particularly NVC, is a safe, noninvasive, and reliable tool that has recently gained an important role in early diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and management of SSc. Further progression and optimization of the potentialities of nailfold videocapillaroscopy is linked to widespread training and education on its use.
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Endocrine-immune system interactions are the basis for predominance of autoimmune diseases in women with differences between the fertile and the postmenopausal periods. B cell-driven diseases reach the maximum incidence rate in the reproductive years, at least in women under the effects of serum estrogens and their metabolites (endocrine...