SAFFARI M.

Air to water electric heat pumps are one technological solution to achieve energy defossilisation goals for heating of residential building stock. Nevertheless, they may not necessarily be the only solution for all residential building stock. A case in point is where extensive fabric refurbishment is impracticable or where electric heat pumps...

Hybrid electric-gas heat pump systems are a possible retrofit option in older residential buildings. Older buildings can be challenging to retrofit and in this context hybrid systems can offer an intermediate route to decarbonisation of building heating energy demand. This is especially the case, where deep retrofit measures coupled with...