TORRE M.

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Jeune syndrome is a severe congenital anomaly also called asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, characterized by a small thorax and progressive fatal respiratory insufficiency if left untreated. The surgical approach includes thoracic expansion. The lateral thoracic expansion has been performed in these patients with good results.

Pectus excavatum (PE) is the commonest of chest wall anomalies, with a prevalence of 1/300–1000 people. PE represents a cosmetical concern for almost the patients affected, but in most cases, it is a cause of thoracic pain, discomfort, breathing difficulty, and physical exercise limitations. This is due mainly to heart compression by the...

Pectus carinatum is the second most frequent chest wall anomaly with a prevalence in males. Usually, it worsens during adolescence and is only seldom caused by respiratory or other functional problems. Treatment is conservative with corsets or FMF, and in severe cases, surgery can be proposed. A minimally invasive approach (Abramson procedure)...

Congenital and acquired laryngeal anomalies are a challenge for pediatric surgeons, otolaryngologists, neonatologists, and anesthesiologists. Among the more common, laryngomalacia, vocal cord palsy, congenital subglottic stenosis, and congenital web are described. For many of them, surgical approach offers good results. A multidisciplinary team...

Mediastinal cysts are rare pathologies in pediatric age that can have different nature: congenital, infectious, or neoplastic. The symptoms can be quite varied, and the radiological investigation plays a very decisive role in the surgical indication.

Congenital lung malformations (CLM) include different types of lesions secondary to lung developmental abnormalities. Diagnosis can take place in the prenatal period with the identification of the typical ultrasound morphological aspects: macro-micro cysts and solid forms. The malformation must be suspected in the first months of life through a...

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Tracheal lesions are rare, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 60.000 live births [1]. Nevertheless, they represent a major challenge for pediatric surgeons and thoracic surgeons. Tracheal lesions can be subdivided into congenital and acquired anomalies.