TOUZEAU , Suzanne

L'objectif de cet exposé est de présenter des modèles dynamiques appliqués en épidémiologie animale et végétale, destinés à comprendre les mécanismes de propagation, prédire l'évolution de l'épidémie, ou encore tester et évaluer des stratégies de maîtrise. Par rapport aux modèles classiques en épidémiologie type SIR, ces modèles intègrent...

International audience

International audience

Le but de cette thèse est d'appliquer des outils issus de l'automatique pour résoudre des problèmes associés à la gestion de pêcherie. Elle s'articule selon deux axes: la modélisation et le contrôle. Nous avons établi et étudié un modèle de population halieutique structuré en stades. L'accent a été mis sur le bouclage d'un tel modèle, de la...

Crop pests, pathogens and weeds have a major economic impact and threaten food security. Their control still heavily relies on chemical pesticides, which are harmful to both the environment and public health, and which induce pest resistance, hence the need for eco-friendly sustainable alternatives. The aim of this talk is to present modelling...

Coffee is an important cash crop cultivated in the tropics, which sustains the livelihood ofnot less than 125 million people worldwide. However, coffee plantations are subject tovarious diseases, among which coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix,which infects coffee leaves and can severely reduce coffee berry production.We...

Fungal diseases cause serious damages in crop worldwide. In particular, coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix attacks coffee leaves and reduces coffee yield. Its control mainly relies on cultural practices, fungicides, resistant cultivars and biocontrol using hyperparasites. Fungicides are widely used, but have harmful...

Fungal diseases cause serious damages in crop worldwide. In particular, coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix attacks coffee leaves and reduces coffee yield. This paper presents a multi-seasonal model of the CLR development in the coffee plantation with continuous dynamics during the rainy season and a discrete event to...

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Its cultivation is an important factor of social and economic stability. However, its production is affected by several diseases. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), a cryptogamic disease caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the most serious coffee leaf disease known to date. It...

This report describes a stochastic simulation model which represents both the pig and sow population dynamics in a farrow-to- finish herd and the indirect Salmonella transmission within this herd. This model was initially developed during Amandine Lurette's PhD thesis . It was then picked up and extended as part of Justine Guillaumont's...

Ontogenic resistance has been described for many plant-pathogen systems. Conversely, coffee leaf rust, a major fungal disease that drastically reduces coffee production, exhibits a form of ontogenic susceptibility, with a higher infection risk for mature leaves. To take into account stage-dependent crop response to phytopathogenic fungi, we...

International audience

International audience

Respiratory viruses are responsible for tissue damages and local inflammation. The best strategy to control their severity is to limit the infection while maintaining an efficient immune response. Given this context, the case when the macrophage is the target cell of infection is of interest. Indeed, pulmonary macrophages (i) are responsible...

The immune mechanisms which determine the infection duration induced by pathogens targeting pulmonary macrophages are poorly known. To explore the impact of such pathogens, it is indispensable to integrate the various immune mechanisms and to take into account the variability in pathogen virulence and host susceptibility. In this context,...

PRRSv is responsible for significant worldwide production losses and its control is a major challenge for the swine industry. Vaccination, the main control measure, does not allow to eradicate the infection and only confers a partial protection to the host. This lack of efficiency is mainly due to the strong variability in PRRSv strain...

The immune mechanisms which determine the infection severity and duration induced by pathogens targeting pulmonary macrophages are poorly known. To explore the impact of such pathogens, it is indispensable to integrate the various immune mechanisms and to take into account the variability in pathogen virulence, host susceptibility, and host...

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infection is a major concern for swine industry. Our partial understanding of the interactions between the virus and the immune system is the major reason for the lack of efficient control measures. The PRRS virus replicates mainly in the pulmonary macrophages which: (1) are...

absent

PRRSV replicates mainly in the pulmonary macrophages which (i) are responsible for inflammation and viral destruction by phagocytosis and (ii) participate in the induction and orientation of the adaptive immune response. Experimental studies have shown that PRRSV is able to inhibit innate immunity, to reduce the gamma interferon synthesis and...

ntroduction:below: Vaccination is the main control strategy against the Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndromevirus (PRRSv), a major concern of the swine industry. However, none commercial vaccine is efficient toeradicate the infection mainly because they only confer a partial protection of the host. Moreover,PRRSv exhibits a high...

One of the biggest challenges for the farmer is to increase the incomes generated by his farm. This is not always easy because of pests and the scarcity of nutrients in the soil. In this work, we model, analyze and simulate a self-financing nonlinear mathematical model for cabbage crops. The model takes into account the young biomass, the adult...

Understanding the impact of exposure on the within-host dynamics and its outcome in terms of infectiousness is a key issue to better understand and control the infection spread. It has not been fully explored yet, neither in experimental infections, nor in modelling studies. We tackled this issue by a modelling approach focused on the Porcine...

Understanding the impact of pathogen exposure on the within-host dynamics and its outcome in terms of infectiousness is a key issue to better understand and control the infection spread. Most experimental and modelling studies tackling this issue looked at the impact of the exposure dose on the infection probability and pathogen load, very few...

Coffee is the second most important commodity behind oil in the international trade. However its production is affected by several diseases. The coffee leaf rust, a cryptogamic disease caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the most serious leaf disease known to date. It causes damages that induce severe yield losses (up to 50%). Its...