Experimental analysis of the effect of hydrogen as the main fuel on the performance and emissions of a modified compression ignition engine with water injection and compression ratio reduction
Description
This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of compression ratio (CR), start of injection angle (SOI) and water injection (WI) on the performance, including NOx emissions, of a modified turbocharged compression ignition engine using H₂ as the primary fuel and diesel solely as a pilot ignition source. WI and H₂ were both injected into the intake manifold just after the charge heat exchanger. Test conditions varied the engine speed from 1500 rpm to 2750 rpm, covering a wide range of the original engine's operating conditions, water mass flow varied from 0 to 0.795 g/cycle and SOI for pilot ignition was studied in the range 10°, 5°, 0° before top dead center. Subsequently, the study examined the combined effect of reducing the engine's CR from 17.5:1 (base) to 13.5:1, in one-point increments, reducing SOI and water addition to further enhance the hydrogen energy share (HES). HES varied from 0 % to 85 % under different engine conditions, and WI and SOI were employed to prevent knocking and ensure that the maximum combustion pressure did not exceed 160 bar. The test results indicate that NOₓ emissions increase with HES, but reducing the CR results in a reduction in NOₓ emissions of approximately 50 %. Additionally, WI further reduces NOₓ emissions by up to 50 %. The experimental evidence demonstrates that combining WI with CR and SOI reduction can effectively lower NOₓ emissions, achieving an efficiency greater than 35 % and therefore approaching the base diesel mode's efficiency. This also reduces the maximum in-cylinder pressure, allowing for an increase in turbocharger pressure and consequently enhancing the engine's specific power. The maximum engine power achieved was 31.6 kW at 2500 rpm (mean effective pressure of 10.1 bar), with a CR of 15.5, SOI at 10°, 1.5 kg/kWh of water, a HES of 81 %, and a minimum NOₓ level of approximately 480 ppm, with a maximum combustion pressure below 120 bar.
Additional details
- URL
- https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/152600
- URN
- urn:oai:idus.us.es:11441/152600
- Origin repository
- USE