Sex-related differences in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study
- Creators
- Lombardi, Carlo Mario
- Specchia, Claudia
- Conforti, Fabio
- Rovere, Maria Teresa La
- Carubelli, Valentina
- Agostoni, Piergiuseppe
- Carugo, Stefano
- Danzi, Gian Battista
- Guazzi, Marco
- Mortara, Andrea
- Piepoli, Massimo
- Porto, Italo
- Sinagra, Gianfranco
- Volterrani, Maurizio
- Ameri, Pietro
- Gnecchi, Massimiliano
- Leonardi, Sergio
- Merlo, Marco
- Iorio, Annamaria
- Bellasi, Antonio
- Canale, Claudia
- Camporotondo, Rita
- Catagnano, Francesco
- Dalla Vecchia, Laura Adelaide
- Di Pasquale, Mattia
- Giovinazzo, Stefano
- Maccagni, Gloria
- Mapelli, Massimo
- Margonato, Davide
- Monzo, Luca
- Nuzzi, Vincenzo
- Oriecuia, Chiara
- Pala, Laura
- Peveri, Giulia
- Pozzi, Andrea
- Provenzale, Giovanni
- Sarullo, Filippo
- Adamo, Marianna
- Tomasoni, Daniela
- Inciardi, Riccardo Maria
- Senni, Michele
- Metra, Marco
- Others:
- Lombardi, Carlo Mario
- Specchia, Claudia
- Conforti, Fabio
- Rovere, Maria Teresa La
- Carubelli, Valentina
- Agostoni, Piergiuseppe
- Carugo, Stefano
- Danzi, Gian Battista
- Guazzi, Marco
- Mortara, Andrea
- Piepoli, Massimo
- Porto, Italo
- Sinagra, Gianfranco
- Volterrani, Maurizio
- Ameri, Pietro
- Gnecchi, Massimiliano
- Leonardi, Sergio
- Merlo, Marco
- Iorio, Annamaria
- Bellasi, Antonio
- Canale, Claudia
- Camporotondo, Rita
- Catagnano, Francesco
- Dalla Vecchia, Laura Adelaide
- Di Pasquale, Mattia
- Giovinazzo, Stefano
- Maccagni, Gloria
- Mapelli, Massimo
- Margonato, Davide
- Monzo, Luca
- Nuzzi, Vincenzo
- Oriecuia, Chiara
- Pala, Laura
- Peveri, Giulia
- Pozzi, Andrea
- Provenzale, Giovanni
- Sarullo, Filippo
- Adamo, Marianna
- Tomasoni, Daniela
- Inciardi, Riccardo Maria
- Senni, Michele
- Metra, Marco
Description
Introduction The role of sex compared to comorbidities and other prognostic variables in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unclear. Methods This is a retrospective observational study on patients with COVID-19 infection, referred to 13 cardiology units. The primary objective was to assess the difference in risk of death between the sexes. The secondary objective was to explore sex-based heterogeneity in the association between demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, and patients' risk of death. Results Seven hundred and one patients were included: 214 (30.5%) women and 487 (69.5%) men. During a median follow-up of 15 days, deaths occurred in 39 (18.2%) women and 126 (25.9%) men. In a multivariable Cox regression model, men had a nonsignificantly higher risk of death vs. women (P = 0.07). The risk of death was more than double in men with a low lymphocytes count as compared with men with a high lymphocytes count [overall survival hazard ratio (OS-HR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-3.81]. In contrast, lymphocytes count was not related to death in women (P = 0.03). Platelets count was associated with better outcome in men (OS-HR for increase of 50 x 10(3) units: 0.88 95% CI 0.78-1.00) but not in women. The strength of association between higher PaO2/FiO(2) ratio and lower risk of death was larger in women (OS-HR for increase of 50 mmHg/%: 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.89) vs. men (OS-HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.98; P = 0.05). Conclusions Patients' sex is a relevant variable that should be taken into account when evaluating risk of death from COVID-19. There is a sex-based heterogeneity in the association between baseline variables and patients' risk of death.
Additional details
- URL
- https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1077542
- URN
- urn:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1077542
- Origin repository
- UNIGE