¿Cuál es la situación del doctorado en Europa?: tres experiencias de investigación en Arquitectura y Patrimonio en Sevilla, París y Milán

Background. Short research stays in foreign universities nourish predoctoral research, as well they contribute to their internationalization. In addition to obtaining the mention of International Doctorate, these periods encourage the development of double-supervision agreements. Therefore, the establishment of interuniversity networks is stimulated. It is a great opportunity to get a first-hand knowledge on how other countries understand third cycle studies. Method. We have analysed doctoral study programmes, focusing on those 2 linked to Architecture and Heritage. Three European university contexts have been examined (Spain, France and Italy). A comparative study has been carried out considering aspects such as their trajectory, organisation, duration, contents, monitoring methods and job opportunities. This survey features doctoral training at the universities of Seville, Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and the Politecnico di Milano. Results. This study of various doctoral systems is relevant since they share an education in heritage and an adscription to the European Higher Education Area. Thus, it is possible to assess aspects such as their level of specificity and monitoring or their relationship with teaching and professional attributions. Conclusions. These considerations are decisive to detect the potential challenges of doctoral studies and argue the need for their recognition outside the academic world