A creative hub for creative hubs or the emergence of a translocal entrepreneurial ecosystem for cultural entrepreneurs

Creative hubs have garnered attention in both academia and policy discussions as representative structures of the way cultural and creative labor is organised and for their impact in social and economic life. However, the support extended to the individuals who establish and manage these creative hubs, operating as cultural entrepreneurs in their own right, has largely been overlooked. This research enriches the emerging literature on cultural entrepreneurship support by adopting an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) approach, which, until now, has largely overlooked the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) sector. It does so by addressing creative hub founders as entrepreneurs themselves and examining the various actors and factors that have fostered the emergence and evolution of translocal support for them across Europe. The article argues that a comprehensive approach to EEs in the CCIs, one that considers both the microfoundations of EEs and macro-level systemic dynamics, is essential for a nuanced understanding of this complex landscape.