MARTÍN BRAVO , Santiago

El asentamiento y expansión de especies vegetales en regiones fuera de su área de distribución natural por causas antrópicas, es uno de los problemas más importantes que afectan a la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las especies alóctonas suponen una grave amenaza para la fl ora autóctona, ya que pueden alterar la dinámica natural de los...

A new species of Carex (Cyperaceae), Carex modesti, is described from southern Tanzania. It grows on stream sides and peat bogs at about 2750 m in the Kitulo Plateau. It is morphologically distinct from the similar species C. vallis-rosetto by its creeping rhizomes, coriaceous leaves and solitary spikes arising in each node. Carex modesti is...

RIASSUNTO - Filogeografia di estremità di areale in Carex (Cyperaceae) - Le disgiunzioni negli areali di distribuzione dei taxa hanno suscitato l'interesse dei naturalisti sin dall'inizio del XIX secolo. Sono note solo trenta specie aventi distribuzione bipolare e Carex risulta il genere con il maggior numero di specie bipolari. Una disciplina...

Despite centuries of work, the basic taxonomic knowledge of the flora of the Iberian Peninsula is still incomplete, especially for highly diverse and/or difficult genera such as Carex. In this study, we conducted an integrative systematic study based on molecular, morphological and cytogenetic data to elucidate the taxonomic status of several...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The sedge Carex macloviana d'Urv presents a bipolar distribution. To clarify the origin of its distribution, we consider the four main hypotheses: long-distance dispersal (either by mountain hopping or by direct dispersal), vicariance, parallel evolution, and human introduction. METHODS: Phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and...

Large-scale changes in chromosome number have been associated with diversification rate shifts in many lineages of plants. For instance, several ancient rounds of polyploidization events have been inferred to promote genomic differentiation and/or isolation and, consequently, angiosperm diversification. Dysploidy, although less studied, has...

Geographic isolation and chromosome evolution are two of the major drivers of diversification in eukaryotes in general, and specifically, in plants. On one hand, range shifts induced by Pleistocene glacial oscillations deeply shaped the evolutionary trajectories of species in the Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, karyotype variability...

Bipolar disjunct distributions are a fascinating biogeographic pattern exhibited by about 30 vascular plants, whose populations reach very high latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres. In this review, we first propose a new framework for the definition of bipolar disjunctions and then reformulate a list of guiding principles to...

Carex camposii Boiss. & Reut., endemic to high mountain ranges in Southern Iberian Peninsula (Sierra Nevada, Sierra de los Filabres and Sierra de Baza), is a morphologically and molecularly well-defined species included in Carex gr. laevigata (subg. Carex, sect. Spirostachyae). We have discovered a population of a morphologically similar...

Aim: Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity and endemism. With many ecosystems under threat, research is urgently needed on its unique plant diversity. This applies both to Madagascar's forests and treeless vegetation types. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are among the top 10 species-richest angiosperm families in Madagascar (310 native...

Premise of research. The Schoenoxiphium clade (Carex, Cyperaceae) exhibits a high species diversity in South Africa and a complex taxonomy. Previous phylogenetic studies did not resolve the species relationships within the Schoenoxiphium clade due to the lack of informative characters in DNA markers used. Our aim is to resolve the species...

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important...

Changes in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct and immediate effects on genome structure and recombination rates. These, in turn, may influence ecology and evolutionary trajectories profoundly. Sedges of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) comprise ca. 2000 species with holocentric chromosomes. The genus exhibits a...

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Chromosome evolution has been demonstrated to have profound effects on diversification rates and speciation in angiosperms. While polyploidy has predated some major radiations in plants, it has also been related to decreased diversification rates. There has been comparatively little attention to the evolutionary role of gains and losses of...