FABRE , Frédéric

The deployment of virus-resistant plant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance. Although breakdowns are well understood for qualitative resistance to crop pests, especially for viruses, they remain to be studied in the case of quantitative resistance....

The deployment of virus-resistant plant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance. Although breakdowns are well understood for qualitative resistance to crop pests, especially for viruses, they remain to be studied in the case of quantitative resistance....

Plant qualitative (i.e. total) resistance to viruses is an efficient way of protecting crops, but it is often broken down by the emergence of adapted virus variants, able to infect those resistant plants. This evolutionary phenomenon can occur particularly quickly in monocultures deployed in vast areas. Different strategies have been studied,...

Plant qualitative resistances to viruses are natural exhaustible resources that can be impaired by the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) virus variants. Mathematical modelling can help determine optimal strategies for resistance durability by a rational deployment of resistance in agroecosystems. Here, we propose an innovative approach,...

Plant diseases are often caused by complexes of closely related parasite species. The coexistence of species sharing the same niche challenges the competitive exclusion principle. Here, we performed the mathematical analysis of a generic model of sibling parasite species coexistence based on seasonality. We showed that coexistence through...

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The deployment of pathogen-resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking pathogens that suppress the yield bene t provided by the resistance. In this work, we analyze if and how a modulation of the genetic drift experienced by the pathogens can slow this emergence down. For that purpose, we...

The deployment of resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance. Here, we theoretically explored how farmers' main leverages (resistant cultivar choice, resistance deployment strategy, landscape planning and cultural practices) can be best combined to...

The management of genes conferring resistance to plant–pathogens should make it possible to control epidemics (epidemiological perspective) and preserve resistance durability (evolutionary perspective). Resistant and susceptible cultivars must be strategically associated according to the principles of cultivar mixture (within a season) and...

Communication oraleCommunication orale

The deployment of virus-resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance [1]. Although break- downs are well known for plant genes conferring total, i.e. qualitative resistance to the virus, they are still poorly understood for plant genetic factors...

The deployment of virus-resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance (Fabre et al,2012). Although breakdowns are well known for qualitative resistances conferring total resistance to the virus, they are still poorly understood for quantitative...

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Résumé présenté au congrès (texte en pièce jointe) Rousseau, E., Fabre, F., Mailleret, L., Palloix, A., Moury, B., Grognard, F. (2014). Adaptation of plant viruses to quantitative resistances

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By combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with experimental evolution, we can observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of five variants of Potato virus Y (PVY) in 15 doubled-haploid lines of pepper. All plants were inoculated with the same mixture of...

Experimental evolution studies deserve considerable attention to the estimation of basic evolutionary forces such as selection and genetic drift. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques, these studies gained a renewed attention. However the joint estimation of selection and genetic drift still remain challenging when no neutral...

Growing genetically resistant plants allows pathogen populations to be controlled and reduces the use of pesticides. However, pathogens can quickly overcome such resistance. In this context, how can we achieve sustainable crop protection? This crucial question has remained largely unanswered despite decades of intense debate and research...

Infection of plants by viruses is a complex process that involves several steps: inoculation into plant cells, replication in inoculated cells, cell-to-cell movement during leaf colonization and long-distance movement during systemic infection. The success of the different steps is conditioned by the effective viral population size (Ne) defined...