MARRO , Santiago

The automated analysis of argumentation has garnered significant interest in recent years, as computational methods stand to enhance discourse quality across domains. This is especially pertinent in complex fields like healthcare, where sound reasoning bears direct impacts on human lives. The work presented in this thesis advances the...

Argumentation is used by people both internally, by evaluating arguments and counterarguments to make sense of a situation and take a decision, and externally, e.g., in a debate, by exchanging arguments to reach an agreement or to promote an individual position. In this context, the assessment of the quality of the arguments is of extreme...

Argumentation is used by people both internally, by evaluating arguments and counterarguments to make a decision, and externally, e.g., by exchanging arguments to reach an agreement or to promote a position. A major component of the argumentation process concerns the assessment of a set of arguments and of their conclusions in order to...

In the latest years, the healthcare domain has seen an increasing interest in the definition of intelligent systems to support clinicians in their everyday tasks and activities. Among others, also the field of Evidence-Based Medicine is impacted by this twist, with the aim to combine the reasoning frameworks proposed thus far in the field with...

In the last years, several empirical approaches have been proposed to tackle argument mining tasks, e.g., argument classification, relation prediction, argument synthesis. These approaches rely more and more on language models (e.g., BERT) to boost their performance. However, these language models require a lot of training data, and size is...

The automatic generation of explanations to improve the transparency of machine predictions is a major challenge in Artificial Intelligence. Such explanations may also be effectively applied to other decision making processes where it is crucial to improve critical thinking in human beings. An example of that consists in the clinical cases...

The importance of explanations in decision-making, particularly in the medical domain, has been widely recognized. However, the evaluation of the quality of these explanations remains a challenging task. In this work, we propose a novel approach for assessing and evaluating the reasons provided in explanations about clinical cases. Our approach...

Evidence-based medicine aims at making decisions about the care of individual patients based on the explicit use of the best available evidence in the patient clinical history and the medical literature results. Argumentation represents a natural way of addressing this task by (i) identifying evidence and claims in text, and (ii) reasoning upon...

In this paper we adapt the semi-supervised deep learning architecture known as "Convolutional Ladder Networks", from the domain of computer vision, and explore how well it works for a semi-supervised Named Entity Recognition and Classification task with legal data. The idea of exploring a semi-supervised technique is to assess the impact of...

We show that the structure of communities in social me- dia provides robust information for weakly supervised approaches to assign stances to tweets. Using as seed the SemEval 2016 Stance Detection Task annotated data, we retrieved a high number of topically related tweets. We then propagated information from the manually an- notated seed to...

The unprecedented mobilization of scientists, consequent of the COVID-19 pandemics, has generated an enormous number of scholarly articles that is impossible for a human being to keep track and explore without appropriate tool support. In this context, we created the Covid-on-the-Web project, which aims to assist the access, querying, and sense...

Le projet Covid-on-the-Web permet aux chercheurs d'accéder à la littérature relative à la famille des coronavirus, de l'interroger et d'en extraire des connaissances. Il s'aligne sur des besoins concrets formulés par des instituts de santé et de recherche. Ainsi, il adapte, combine et étend des outils destinés à traiter, analyser et enrichir le...

The Covid-on-the-Web project allows scientists to access, query and extract knowledge from the literature on the coronavirus family. It is aligned with concrete needs formulated by health and research institutes. Thus, it adapts, combines and extends tools designed to process, analyze and enrich the CORD-19 corpus, that gathers 100,000+...

Scientists are harnessing their multidisciplinary expertise and resources to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Aligned with this mind-set, the Covid-on-the-Web project aims to allow biomedical researchers to access, query and make sense of COVID-19 related literature. To do so, it adapts, combines and extends tools to process, analyze and enrich the...